Frontiers in Sustainable Development is a monthly online, international, peer-reviewed journal, dedicated to publish empirical, academic, theoretical and review research articles that contribute to the practice in sustainable development, and related topics. All articles published are rigorously and fast reviewed meeting the Journal Quality standards.
How do Digital-green Policy Synergies Facilitate Urban Pollution Abatement and Carbon Emission Reduction?
Based on panel data of 262 prefecture-level cities in China from 2012 to 2023, and taking the synergistic implementation of the National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone (NBDCPZ) policy and the Low-Carbon City Pilot (LCCP) policy as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper employs a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) method to investigate the impact of Digital-green policy synergies on urban pollution and carbon reduction. The study finds that the synergistic implementation of the two policies significantly drives urban pollution and carbon reduction. Mechanism analysis shows that Digital-green policy synergies facilitate urban pollution and carbon reduction through green innovation effects and factor reallocation effects. Further analysis reveals that, compared with single-pilot policies, the dual-pilot policy has a more significant and persistently stronger effect on pollution and carbon reduction. Moreover, regarding the policy implementation sequence, implementing LCCP first followed by NBDCPZ leads to a more significant reduction in urban pollution and carbon. Based on the above findings, this paper proposes recommendations such as promoting the synergistic deployment of the two pilot policies, unblocking the transmission channels of green technology innovation and factor allocation, and optimizing the pilot policy planning.
National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone; Low-Carbon City; Policy Synergies; Pollution and Carbon Reduction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Frontiers in Sustainable Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Research on Coordination Mechanism Design of Closed-Loop Supply Chain for New Energy Vehicle Power Batteries
Taking the power battery closed-loop supply chain system composed of new energy vehicle manufacturers, automobile retailers and echelon utilization enterprises as the research background, this paper constructs a centralized decision-making model and a decentralized decision-making model based on Stackelberg game led by new energy vehicle manufacturers, and investigates the design of coordination mechanisms for the power battery closed-loop supply chain. The results reveal that the decentralized decision-making model fails to coordinate the power battery closed-loop supply chain due to the existence of double marginalization effect. By contrast, the proposed coordination mechanism combining recycling service cost-sharing and two-part tariff can not only effectively coordinate the supply chain, but also achieve Pareto improvement in the profits of all members within the closed-loop supply chain.
Power Battery Closed-Loop Supply Chain; Supply Chain Coordination; New Energy Vehicles.
The judicial ethics system is a crucial link in China's judicial system reform, playing a significant role in upholding judicial fairness and cultivating judges' professional ethics. This article systematically analyzes the foundation, specific components, core objectives, and existing problems of China's judicial ethics system, and proposes suggestions for improvement. Research shows that China's judicial ethics system has achieved significant results in optimizing judge resources, strengthening awareness of responsibility, and safeguarding judicial independence, but there is still room for improvement in areas such as system implementation and ethical education. By strengthening system implementation, enhancing ethical education, and drawing on international experience, China's judicial ethics system can be further improved, contributing to judicial modernization and the construction of a rule-of-law China.
Judicial Ethics; Judicial System Reform; Judge Quota System; Judicial Accountability System; Judicial Fairness.
Freeze-Thaw Damage Constitutive Model of Composite Cementitious Modified Porous Concrete
To systematically investigate the effects of composite cementitious modification on the mechanical performance evolution and damage behavior of porous concrete (PC) under freeze-thaw conditions, porous concrete systems with different modification levels were established, and freeze-thaw cycling and uniaxial compression tests were conducted. Based on the stress-strain curves, the mechanical response characteristics and damage evolution behavior of PC under freeze-thaw action were systematically analyzed. According to Lemaitre’s strain equivalence principle and Weibull statistical distribution theory, a nonlinear damage constitutive model considering cumulative freeze-thaw damage was established. The results indicate that composite cementitious modification can significantly improve the compressive strength and mechanical stability of unfrozen PC, while the brittle failure characteristics become more pronounced with increasing modification level. With increasing freeze-thaw cycles, all PC specimens exhibited reductions in peak stress and elastic modulus, increases in peak strain, and gradual flattening of the descending branch, indicating enhanced deformation capacity at macroscopic failure. Among all groups, the specimen with moderate composite modification level exhibited the optimal balance between strength retention and freeze-thaw resistance, maintaining relatively high bearing capacity after 48 freeze-thaw cycles. The proposed constitutive model accurately described the stress-strain relationships of PC at different freeze-thaw stages. The predicted curves agreed well with the experimental results, and the fitting correlation coefficients (R2) were all higher than 0.97. The damage variable exhibited an J-shaped growth trend with increasing strain and finally approached 0.8 near failure. The results of this study can provide theoretical support for freeze-thaw damage analysis and durability prediction of porous concrete structures in cold regions.
Porous Concrete; Composite Cementitious Modification; Freeze-thaw Cycle; Stress-strain Curve; Damage Constitutive Model.
Judicial Ethics and the Judicial Accountability System in China: Institutional Foundations and Coordinated Construction
Judicial ethics refers to the professional norms that judges should observe in performing adjudicative functions and safeguarding judicial justice. Its realization cannot rely solely on judges’ personal self-discipline, but requires institutional support. Against the background of China’s judicial system reform, this paper analyzes the judge quota system, the judicial accountability system, the centralized management of personnel, financial and material resources of local courts below the provincial level, and professional safeguards for judges. Together, these systems provide the personnel, responsibility, independence, and support structures for judicial ethics. The institutional construction of judicial ethics in China still requires further improvement in the dynamic adjustment of judge quotas, the boundaries of judicial accountability, the centralized management mechanism, and the professional safeguard system for judges. These improvements can help transform ethical requirements such as impartiality, independence, accountability, and integrity into stable mechanisms of judicial practice, thereby enhancing judicial credibility and advancing the rule of law.
Judicial Ethics; Judicial Accountability System; Judge Quota System; Judicial Independence; Professional Safeguards for Judges.
Lightweight YOLOv8 Mine Target Detection Algorithm for Embedded Deployment
Mine safety monitoring systems are usually deployed on embedded devices with limited computing, storage and energy resources. Traditional YOLOv8 models have large number of parameters and high computational complexity, which are difficult to realize real-time inference on these devices. In order to solve this problem, this study proposes a lightweight YOLOv8 mine target detection algorithm. The original PAN-FPN structure is replaced with BiFPN bidirectional feature pyramid to improve multi-scale feature reuse efficiency and reduce invalid computation through adaptive weighted fusion. A GCHead lightweight structure based on Group Convolution is introduced into the detection head to reduce parameter dimension and computational cost while maintaining detection accuracy. Experimental results show that compared with the original YOLOv8, the number of parameters and computational complexity of YOLOv8 are reduced by 46.5% and 37.8% respectively, while mAP@0.5 only decreases by 0.5%. It achieves the optimal balance between detection accuracy and lightweight, and can be efficiently deployed on mine embedded monitoring terminals. This research provides a useful reference for the application of target detection technology in resource-constrained environments.
Lightweight YOLOv8; BiFPN; Group Convolution; Embedded Deployment.
Numerical Simulation of Mechanical Ventilation and CO Distribution in Underground Garages
This study investigates the CO concentration distribution and airflow characteristics in a residential double-level underground garage under different ventilation conditions using numerical simulation. The realizable k-ε turbulence model was employed with the SIMPLE algorithm for iterative solution. Results show that natural ventilation is insufficient to effectively control pollutant levels, with CO distribution being significantly non-uniform. Under mechanical ventilation, increasing the air change rate enhances airflow uniformity, reduces CO concentrations from 6.4 to 9.6 ppm to 3.2 to 6.4 ppm, and improves pollutant removal efficiency. The findings provide practical guidance for ventilation system design in underground garage environments.
Underground Garage; CO Distribution; Numerical Simulation; Mechanical Ventilation.
Discussion on Economic Benefit Analysis and Sustainable Development Path in Low-Carbon City Development
The construction of low-carbon cities has emerged as an important strategy to realise the harmonious development of urban economy and climate change mitigation. Cities account for about 70% of global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. The economics of urban decarbonisation – the costs of transition, the benefits of energy efficiency, green jobs, health co-benefits and carbon market revenues – is therefore of critical policy relevance. In this article, we explore three complimentary ways in which low-carbon city development might bring economic benefits: (i) direct cost savings and employment benefits; (ii) carbon market and green finance methods; and (iii) comparative development trajectories between leading jurisdictions. Using data from the IEA, IRENA, OECD and the EU Emissions Trading System, and case studies from Copenhagen, China’s Low-Carbon City Pilot programme and the European Union, the paper makes the case that the economic case for low-carbon urbanism is solid and is getting stronger if policy frameworks can be crafted to align financial incentives with decarbonisation objectives. The report concludes with policy recommendations regarding the design of carbon pricing, the mobilisation of green funding and the management of an equitable transition.
Low-carbon City; Economic Benefits; Sustainable Development; Carbon Pricing; Green Employment; Urban Decarbonisation; Green Finance.
Cultural Blind Spots in Task-based Language Teaching: A Study of Implicit Cultural Assumptions in Task Design and Learners' Cultural Identity Conflict
Task-based Language Teaching method (TBLT), as one of the mainstream methods of foreign language teaching worldwide, emphasizes the development of communicative competence through authentic tasks. However, the implicit cultural assumptions latent in its task design are often overlooked, leading to conflicts with learners' cultural identities. Taking Chinese foreign language teaching as a background, this paper analyzes the manifestations of hidden cultural assumptions in TBLT task design, such as the implantation of Western socio-cultural scenarios, the individualistic-oriented role assignment, and the evaluation criteria dominated by Western communicative norms, and explores the mechanisms of their conflicts with Chinese learners' cultural identities, such as their collectivist values and their indirect communicative preferences. The study found that these conflicts may trigger learners' cultural cognitive biases, communicative behavioral conflicts and value collisions, which may weaken teaching effectiveness and cultural confidence. Based on this, this paper proposes optimization strategies such as diversified task context design, balanced role allocation and communicative evaluation, and enhanced cultural awareness and learner autonomy. This study aims to provide theoretical and empirical support for the construction of a foreign language teaching practice that meets China's national conditions, and responds to the need for contextual sensitivity in teaching in the “post-methodological era”.
Task-based Language Teaching; Cultural Blind Spots; Implicit Cultural Assumptions; Cultural Identity; Foreign Language Teaching.
The Theory and Practical Pathways of New-Quality Productivity Empowering Green and Low-Carbon Economic Development
As global climate and resource‑environment constraints intensify, the green economic transition under China's "dual‑carbon" strategy has become urgent. The traditional development model faces bottlenecks such as an over‑reliance on heavy industries and insufficient green technologies. New‑Quality Productivity, driven by technological innovation and characterized by intelligentization, digitalization, and ecologicalization, is inherently green productivity and highly aligned with green, low‑carbon development. Drawing on the Marxist theory of natural productive forces and the cycle of material metabolism, this paper analyzes the internal logic through which New‑Quality Productivity enables green and low‑carbon development via four mechanisms: technology‑driven innovation, factor structure reshaping, industrial system restructuring, and institutional–market synergy. In response to practical bottlenecks-including insufficient coverage of new infrastructure, shallow technology‑industry integration, lagging institutional and standard systems, and poor multi‑stakeholder coordination-this paper proposes practical pathways from four dimensions: strengthening new infrastructure, deepening technology‑industry integration, innovating institutional and standard systems, and building a multi‑stakeholder collaborative ecosystem. The aim is to provide theoretical and practical references for New‑Quality Productivity to drive a green, low‑carbon, and high‑quality economic development.
New-quality Productivity; Green and Low-carbon Development; Dual Carbon Goals; Technological Innovation.
Exploration of Business Management Practices for Third-Party Automotive R&D Institutions
Against the backdrop of the automotive industry’s transformation and upgrading toward intelligence, low carbon and connectivity, third-party automotive R&D institutions, as key players in industrial technological innovation, undertake the core functions of technological research and development, resource integration and industrial empowerment. At present, market competition in the industry is intensifying and policy supervision is increasingly sophisticated, rendering the traditional extensive business management model incompatible with the requirements of high-quality development. Optimizing the business management system and building an innovative development model have become an imperative for third-party automotive R&D institutions. From the perspective of the demand-value end and based on the core elements of collaborative management, this paper constructs a business management logic system rooted in demand, supported by organizational structure, and driven by business and projects as two wings. It divides the operation into two major modules: an internal lean management cycle and an external innovative development cycle, and identifies four core management levers: contract management, cost control, market development and capability iteration. Meanwhile, aligned with the four major directions of automotive technological development-intelligent connectivity, safety and reliability, user experience and energy conservation and low carbon-it analyzes the internal logic of the dual-cycle operation mechanism. The research finds that the lean control of the internal cycle is the foundation for the sustainable operation of institutions, while the market-technology linkage of the external cycle is the driving force for innovative development. The synergistic empowerment of the dual cycles can optimize enterprise resource allocation, enhance R&D service capabilities and strengthen market competitiveness. Combined with the current situation of the industry, this paper proposes targeted business optimization strategies, providing practical references for third-party automotive R&D institutions to improve their management systems and achieve high-quality innovative operations.
Third-Party Automotive R&D Institutions; Business Management; Dual-Cycle Mechanism; Demand Value; High-Quality Innovation.
Research on the Impact of Data Factor Marketization Allocation on Agricultural Total Factor Productivity
In the era of digital economy deeply enabling the real economy, the market-oriented allocation of data elements has become the key path to promote the improvement of agricultural total factor productivity. This paper selects the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2024 as the research data, introduces the two-way fixed effect model for benchmark regression, and explores the impact of data factor marketization on agricultural total factor productivity, and supports the results through robustness test and time heterogeneity test. At the same time, this paper empirically analyzes the regulatory effect of digital talent aggregation, measures the impact of digital talent aggregation on agricultural total factor productivity, and tests the regional heterogeneity. Finally, the empirical test results are summarized.
Market-oriented Allocation of Data Elements; Agricultural Total Factor Productivity; Digital Talent Gathering.
Clinical Evaluation of an Acer truncatum Seed Oil–Phosphatidylserine Complex for Neurodevelopment Support
Background: Acer truncatum seed oil is a nervonic-acid–rich botanical lipid source with theoretical relevance to myelin-oriented neurodevelopment, while phosphatidylserine (PS) is a membrane phospholipid with a substantially larger human evidence base in cognition and attention. We evaluated whether the formulation logic of an Acer truncatum seed oil–PS complex is supported by published clinical data that are relevant to neurodevelopment, attention, memory, and phospholipid-mediated brain support. Methods: We summarized the formulation architecture described in the source patent dossier and searched primary biomedical literature through March 2026 for randomized or controlled human studies involving PS, PS-omega-3 preparations, sphingomyelin-fortified milk, and related phospholipid-based neurocognitive interventions. We prioritized pediatric and neurodevelopment-relevant studies and used adult trials only when they clarified efficacy direction, dose range, or safety. Results: The clinical evidence most directly supporting the formulation is concentrated in the PS and phospholipid axis. In very-low-birth-weight infants, sphingomyelin-fortified milk improved neurobehavioural outcomes at follow-up. In children with ADHD, soy-derived PS improved ADHD symptoms and short-term auditory memory, and PS-omega-3 reduced hyperactive/impulsive symptoms while remaining well tolerated over 30 weeks. In healthy children aged 8–12 years, sunflower-derived PS was neutral in the total cohort but improved visuospatial memory in a predefined lower-performing subgroup. In older adults with memory complaints or mild cognitive impairment, PS-containing interventions improved selected memory and cognitive measures in several randomized trials. By contrast, we did not identify a published randomized human trial of the exact Acer truncatum seed oil–PS finished formulation. Conclusions: The current clinical basis for this composition rests on convergent evidence for phosphatidylserine-centered brain support rather than on a completed trial of the exact commercial-ready formulation. The combination of nervonic-acid–rich Acer truncatum seed oil with PS and phospholipid cofactors remains biologically plausible and clinically testable, particularly in populations with high myelination demand or suboptimal neurocognitive performance.
Acer Truncatum Seed Oil; Phosphatidylserine; Nervonic Acid; Neurodevelopment; Cognition; Randomized Controlled Trial; Translational Nutrition.
Toward a Dynamic-Balance View of Efficiency in Regional Pension Pooling: Conceptualization, Indicator Design, and an Illustrative Case from Yingkou, China
This article develops a dynamic-balance view of efficiency for the analysis of regional pension pooling and uses the Yingkou case to illustrate its analytical value. Existing studies often assess pension performance through single financial outcomes or static input-output relations, which tends to understate the governance frictions, service quality requirements, and intertemporal sustainability constraints that characterize public pension administration. Building on the welfare-economic logic of multi-objective trade-offs, this study reconceptualizes regional pooling efficiency as the capacity of a pooling unit to maintain a coordinated and recoverable balance among cost control, benefit protection, and long-term sustainability. On this basis, an indicator framework is constructed that links outcome-oriented indicators with process-oriented indicators and further connects them to a governance chain of policy adaptation, resource integration, technological empowerment, and regulatory assurance. An illustrative application based on Liaoning Province shows that Yingkou's mean technical efficiency ranked in the middle of the provincial sample, while its principal weakness was concentrated in pure technical efficiency rather than scale efficiency. The evidence suggests that the key problem lies not simply in resource scarcity, but in the insufficient conversion of existing inputs into effective administrative outputs because of process frictions, incomplete coordination, and uneven digital support. The article contributes a usable framework for evaluating pension pooling efficiency beyond narrow revenue-expenditure indicators and offers a conceptual basis for PTE-oriented governance reform in transformation-oriented cities.
Pension Insurance; Regional Pooling Efficiency; Dynamic-balance View of Efficiency; Indicator Framework; Pure Technical Efficiency; Digital Governance.
Magnet Design and Simulation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging Probe for Drilling Ship
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging probe is the core component of drilling ship logging tool, and the performance of magnet directly determines the accuracy of logging data. According to the special needs of drilling ship operation, this paper puts forward the design index of nuclear magnetic resonance logging probe for drilling ship, selects samarium cobalt material as the magnet material, carries out parametric modeling simulation and structural optimization of the main magnet and pre polarized magnet by ANSYS Maxwell software, and finally determines the optimal magnet size by combining matlab analysis: the total length is 2200 mm, the main magnet is composed of eight 50mm × 50mm × 150mm arc magnets, and the pre polarized magnet is composed of eight 200mm long cylindrical magnets. The simulation results show that under the logging speed of 150~200 MGH, the pre polarization rate of the magnet is ≥ 94%, the magnetic field intensity at the detection depth of 14 cm is 177 GS, and the height of the sensitive area is 40 cm.
Drilling Vessel; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging Probe; Magnet Design; Samarium Cobalt Magnet; Finite Element Simulation.
Clinical and Translational Evaluation of a Lactobacillus Acidophilus Respiratory Mucosal Barrier Platform
Background: Respiratory mucosal resilience depends on epithelial integrity, mucosal hydration, microbiome–host communication, and local secretory IgA activity. We evaluated a disclosed BALIMONT respiratory formulation centered on Lactobacillus acidophilus together with published human evidence relevant to respiratory probiotics and mucosal immune support. Methods: We synthesized the disclosed formulation data with published randomized trials and systematic reviews on probiotics for upper respiratory outcomes, mucosal secretory IgA, and safety. We retained the disclosed comparative platform data and present the pre-existing scenario-analysis figures and tables as illustrative translational materials rather than as audited clinical trial results. Results: Published evidence suggests that probiotic effects on respiratory outcomes are strain-specific. In healthy physically active adults, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04 reduced the risk of upper respiratory illness versus placebo (hazard ratio 0.73). In elderly adults with low physical fitness, Lactobacillus pentosus b240 given with exercise was associated with higher salivary secretory IgA secretion than placebo during follow-up. In preschool children with low fermented-food intake, heat-killed Pediococcus acidilactici K15 maintained higher salivary sIgA and shortened fever duration in subgroup analysis. A Cochrane review found that probiotics may reduce acute upper respiratory infection incidence rate and likely reduce antibiotic use, without increasing adverse events. The disclosed BALIMONT platform additionally shows strong comparative performance in respiratory epithelial adhesion, microaerobic survival, mucosal retention, and secretory IgA induction. Conclusions: On the basis of published human evidence and the disclosed formulation profile, BALIMONT has a plausible translational rationale as a respiratory mucosal barrier support platform. However, confirmation of product-specific efficacy still requires a prospectively registered, ethics-approved, source-verified clinical trial.
Respiratory Mucosal Barrier; Lactobacillus Acidophilus; Respiratory Probiotic; Secretory IgA; Gut–lung Axis; Translational Evaluation.
Case Analysis Report on the Bankruptcy Liquidation of Xinhua Trust Co., Ltd.
The bankruptcy liquidation case of New China Trust Co., Ltd., as the first nationwide case of a trust institution's bankruptcy liquidation, was accepted by the Chongqing No. 5 Intermediate People's Court in July 2022 due to insolvency caused by long-term poor operation. During the trial, the court and the administrator strictly adhered to the principle of the independence of trust property. By categorically disposing of 34.5 billion yuan in trust products and clarifying the compensation path for beneficiaries' losses, they balanced the interests of all parties. Meanwhile, the "government-court linkage" mechanism achieved seamless coordination between administrative takeover and judicial procedures, effectively mitigating systemic financial risks. This case systematically standardized the responsibilities of trust institution bankruptcy administrators and the disposal process of trust products, filling relevant legal gaps, and serves as a benchmark for promoting the return of the trust industry to its fundamental purpose and strengthening market-oriented and law-based risk management.
Trust Institution Bankruptcy Liquidation; Government-Court Linkage Mechanism; Independence of Trust Property.
Study on the Characteristics of a Vibration-Excited Magnetoelectric Generator
To collect environmental vibration energy for powering low-power electronic devices, a magnetoelectric vibration power generation device based on E-shaped silicon steel sheets is designed. The device consists of permanent magnets, silicon steel sheets, springs, coils and other components. Firstly, theoretical calculation formulas for the output voltage and generated power of the device are derived, illustrating the critical influence of resonance characteristics on energy harvesting efficiency. Subsequently, a two-dimensional transient simulation model is established using Ansys Maxwell software to conduct simulation analysis of magnetic circuit characteristics and output voltage. The results show that the magnetic circuit of the device features concentrated magnetic field and low magnetic flux leakage; the peak magnetic flux density inside the E-shaped silicon steel sheets reaches 2690 mT, and the peak output voltage is approximately 10 mV. Finally, an experimental platform is built to perform performance tests under frequency-sweeping excitation. The results indicate that the output voltage waveform of the device is approximately sinusoidal. The peak-to-peak induced voltage reaches a maximum of about 40 mV under low-frequency excitation of 6 Hz, and the voltage amplitude in the high-frequency band shows a downward trend as the excitation frequency increases.
Vibration Power Generation Device; Electromagnetic Type; E-shaped Silicon Steel Sheets; Simulation Analysis.
Clinical Evaluation of the NVTIA Multi-Component Cartilage-Repair Synovitis Composition
Background: Oral joint-support products are widely used in synovitis and early cartilage degeneration, but their clinical differentiation often depends less on ingredient presence than on formulation logic. In this study, we evaluated a four-component oral system containing glucosamine hydrochloride (Glc HCl), chondroitin sulfate (CS), methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), and graded molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (HA), and we matched its internal performance dataset with published randomized human trials relevant to each design pillar. Methods: We summarized the formulation architecture and internal comparator results, then searched public biomedical sources through March 2026 for controlled human studies on glucosamine, chondroitin, MSM, and oral hyaluronic acid in knee osteoarthritis or synovitis-related symptom settings. Results: The internal dataset consistently ranked the complete four-component architecture above the simplified comparator across mixing uniformity, effusion resolution, cartilage-repair effect, utilization efficiency, and overall therapeutic effect. Published trials showed that adding MSM to glucosamine-chondroitin improved WOMAC and VAS outcomes by week 12 in mild knee osteoarthritis, that oral HA-containing regimens improved WOMAC domains in selected mild-pain populations, and that broad-spectrum oral sodium hyaluronate could reduce pain scores and rescue-drug use over 8 weeks. Balanced evidence also showed that glucosamine-chondroitin was neutral in the overall GAIT population but beneficial in a moderate-to-severe pain subgroup, while another short-term HA-glucosamine-chondroitin study in moderate pain did not show superiority over placebo. Conclusions: We found a coherent translational rationale for the NVTIA architecture: Glc HCl and CS support matrix biology, MSM strengthens symptom control, and graded HA improves synovial-environment relevance. Direct prospective validation of the exact formulation remains the next decisive step.
Synovitis; Cartilage Repair; Glucosamine Hydrochloride; Chondroitin Sulfate; MSM; Sodium Hyaluronate; WOMAC; VAS; Oral Hyaluronic Acid.
Research on the Application and Development of Robotics Technology in Smart Healthcare
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and automation technologies, medical robots have become an important component of the intelligent healthcare system. Leveraging their advantages of high precision, high efficiency, and strong stability, they are gradually permeating various aspects of medical services, effectively promoting the intelligent and refined development of smart healthcare. This paper starts from the classification and core technological characteristics of medical robots, systematically analyzes their practical application models in typical scenarios such as clinical diagnosis and treatment, rehabilitation care, hospital logistics, and disinfection and epidemic prevention, and thoroughly explores the current issues in the implementation of medical robots, including cost, operation, safety, intelligence, and coordination. Furthermore, it proposes targeted development suggestions in terms of technological optimization, cost control, safety regulations, talent training, and system integration. Adhering strictly to a purely theoretical research paradigm, this paper does not involve any experimental data, code implementation, or empirical analysis. It aims to provide theoretical references and practical insights for the further promotion and application of medical robots in the field of smart healthcare, contributing to the improvement and development of intelligent healthcare systems.
Medical Robots; Intelligent Healthcare; Clinical Applications; Rehabilitation Robots; Practical Applications.
Analysis of the Current Situation and Sources of ARG Pollution in the Seawater of Dapeng, Shenzhen
Antibiotics are the cornerstone of modern medicine and aquaculture, but their extensive use has triggered a global antibiotic resistance crisis. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as "novel environmental pollutants", can persistently exist and horizontally transfer among water-sediment-organisms, and re-threaten humans through the food chain. The ocean is the ultimate sink for land-based ARGs. However, the pollution baseline, key sources, and ecological driving mechanisms of ARGs in highly urbanized bays in China remain unclear. This study targeted the Dapeng Peninsula in Shenzhen, spanning multiple gradients of aquaculture-tourism-ecology. In August 2025, samples were collected from the Offshore area of Dapeng Bay in Shenzhen based on coordinates and distance. By integrating water quality detection indicators, 16S sequencing, and RT-qPCR in situ expression, the abundance, diversity, hosts, and sources of ARGs were systematically analyzed. The results showed that: 1) Seawater aquaculture discharge was the largest contributor to surface seawater ARGs (62.3%) , followed by urban sewage; 2) The total abundance of ARGs was significantly positively correlated with PO₄³⁻, COD, and antibiotic residues, while dissolved oxygen was not the core factor driving the abundance of aerobic resistance genes (such as FabG, AdeG, ant), and there might be a dominant role of other pollution factors (such as antibiotic residues, organic matter); 3) High-risk mobile ARGs including sul1, floR, cmlA, and ermB were enriched 15 to 120 times downstream of the aquaculture outlet, and their in situ transcriptional activity significantly increased; 4) The dominant hosts of ARGs were Proteobacteria (Altererythrobacter, Erythrobacter, Rhodobacteraceae, and Acinetobacter) and Bacteroidia, among which seven genera contained potential human pathogenic bacteria. This study finely resolves the ARG source contributions in Dapeng Bay for the first time and clearly traces the leading role of aquaculture discharge, providing a scientific basis for precise control of antibiotic resistance genes in the coastal zone of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
Antibiotic Resistance Genes; Mariculture; Urban Sewage; Coastal Pollution.
Clinical Evidence for a BALIMONT Multi-Strain Oral Probiotic Composition in Enhancing Skin Radiance
We evaluated a BALIMONT multi-strain oral probiotic composition for improvement of visible skin radiance and interpreted the 28-day cohort findings against published human clinical trials of oral probiotics and synbiotics relevant to skin appearance. In our 28-day comparative evaluation, healthy adults aged 20-45 years with dull or lackluster skin received one of three multi-strain formulations or a single-strain L. reuteri comparator, with 30 participants in each cohort. At day 28, mean radiance improvement reached 14.2%, 10.8%, and 11.5% in the three multi-strain cohorts, versus 2.7% in the single-strain comparator, while Shannon diversity increased by 22.6%, 18.3%, and 19.1% versus 5.2%, respectively. Public human studies show that oral probiotics can improve hydration, gloss, elasticity, barrier recovery, and selected inflammatory or appearance-related endpoints in healthy skin, sensitive skin, acne, and atopic dermatitis. Taken together, our 28-day findings are directionally concordant with the broader literature and support larger, prospectively registered confirmatory trials of multi-strain oral probiotic strategies for skin-radiance support.
BALIMONT; Probiotic; Skin Radiance; Gut-skin Axis; Lactobacillus Reuteri; Lactobacillus Rhamnosus; Lactobacillus Plantarum; Clinical Evidence.
Who Benefits More from E-commerce? Resource-Endowment Heterogeneity in Grape Growers' Behavioral Upgrading in Yingkou City, Liaoning Province
Using survey data from 386 grape growers in Yingkou City, this article examines whether the behavioral effects of e-commerce participation vary across households with different resource endowments. Rather than treating digital participation as a uniformly empowering force, the study asks who is more likely to convert platform access into substantive behavioral upgrading in production, marketing, and technology adoption. Hierarchical regression models are used to test the moderating roles of household head age, planting scale, and household human capital in the relationship between e-commerce participation and three behavioral outcomes: standardized production behavior, diversified marketing behavior, and green technology adoption. The results show clear heterogeneity. Age weakens the positive behavioral effect of e-commerce, with interaction coefficients of -0.156, -0.163, and -0.151 across the three outcomes. By contrast, planting scale strengthens the behavioral effect, with coefficients of 0.172, 0.185, and 0.168, while household human capital generates the strongest positive moderation, with coefficients of 0.189, 0.201, and 0.182. Diversified marketing behavior exhibits the largest interaction responses overall, indicating that digital participation is especially sensitive to differences in learning capacity, scale economy, and intra-household capability structure when sales channels and customer relations are being reorganized. The article argues that rural e-commerce should be understood not only as a channel innovation, but also as a selective amplifier whose benefits depend on age structure, operational scale, and household capability. Policy support therefore needs to shift from broad encouragement of platform entry to stratified support for different farmer groups.
Rural E-commerce; Grape Growers; Heterogeneity Effect; Planting Scale; Household Human Capital.
Clinical Evaluation of a Time-Sequential Biphasic NMN–Resveratrol–Quercetin–Piperine NAD+ Supplement Targeting SIRT1 (BCLC™)
Background: Time-sequential biphasic NAD+ formulations are designed to solve the temporal mismatch, poor dissolution, and exposure instability that often limit conventional NMN combinations. We examined a five-component BCLC™ formulation containing NMN, trans-resveratrol, quercetin, piperine, and trimethylglycine, preserved its original patent-reported benchmark data, and matched those data with published human clinical trials. Methods: We retained the original formulation specifications, dissolution and stability results, and in-vitro SIRT1-related benchmarks reported in the source document, then searched PubMed, PubMed Central, and clinical-trial records through March 28, 2026 for adult interventional studies involving NMN, resveratrol, quercetin, or piperine that were relevant to NAD+, SIRT1, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, physical function, or bioavailability. Results: In the patent dataset, the leading embodiments achieved 4.1–5.5-fold SIRT1 pathway activation, 95.6–98.8% nicotinamide clearance, at least 36–48 h intracellular NAD+ maintenance, rapid polyphenol dissolution, 97.8–98.5% three-month retention, and material loss no higher than 3.5%. In published human studies, NMN at 250–900 mg/day consistently increased circulating NAD+ and improved selected metabolic or functional outcomes in several cohorts, although one 24-week trial in older men with diabetes showed neutral performance results. Resveratrol increased skeletal muscle SIRT1 or oxidative-stress resilience in type 2 diabetes cohorts in several randomized trials, but long-duration metabolic endpoints remained heterogeneous. Quercetin reduced hs-TNFα, symptom burden, or antioxidant deficits in randomized studies, while piperine showed clinically relevant exposure-enhancing or bioefficacy-modulating effects, albeit with mixed pharmacokinetic findings in resveratrol studies. Conclusions: When we align the published clinical evidence with the original formulation architecture, the biphasic system appears biologically coherent and clinically plausible. The strongest current human support centers on NAD+ restoration, redox control, inflammatory symptom reduction, and exposure modulation, which together justify formal randomized evaluation of the full formulation.
NMN; NAD+; SIRT1; Resveratrol; Quercetin; Piperine; Biphasic Release; Insulin Sensitivity; Oxidative Stress; Clinical Trial.
Artificial Intelligence, Green Transformation and New Productivity
First, this paper delves into the intrinsic relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and green transformation. Given the AI composition fallacy proposed by Fang Yi et al. (2020), the AI-induced financial fraud phenomenon revealed by Chai Yanming et al. (2024), and the corporate "greenwashing" tendency discovered by Xie Haijuan et al. (2024), the relationship between the two needs to be re-examined and scientifically defined. Second, this paper systematically analyzes the intrinsic mechanisms of AI and green transformation, explaining how they synergistically promote the development of new productive forces, and conducts theoretical analysis and model construction. Finally, it proposes targeted policy recommendations, exploring how to optimize the development path of AI and green transformation to maximize synergistic effects and contribute to the development of new productive forces.
Artificial Intelligence; New Productivity; Greenwashing.
Efficiency Measurement and Influencing Factors of Green and Low-carbon Development in Agriculture and Rural Areas of China
Under the dual background of China's "dual carbon" goal and rural revitalization strategy, this paper takes 31 provincial-level regions as samples, uses Super-SBM-DEA model to measure the green and low-carbon development efficiency of agriculture and rural areas from 2012 to 2022, and adopts Spatial Durbin Model to explore influencing factors. The results show that the overall efficiency rises steadily but regional differences are prominent, with a "northeast and central high, eastern and western low" pattern and significant positive spatial autocorrelation. Rural income, irrigation efficiency and tech investment boost efficiency, while industrial upgrading and excessive mechanization inhibit it. Finally, targeted optimization countermeasures are proposed.
Agriculture and Rural Areas; Green and Low-Carbon Development; Efficiency Measurement; Spatial Spillover Effect.
Recognizing the City on Screen: City Mindscape, City Selection, and City Recognition
This article proposes a framework for understanding how spectators recognize cities in films by theorizing the relationship between city mindscape, city selection, and city recognition. Building on Kevin Lynch’s notion of the “image of the city” and research on cognitive mapping, the article distinguishes experience-based “city images” from media-based “city illusions,” and unifies them as a “city mindscape” – the composite mental landscape through which viewers perceive and remember urban space. On the production side, it introduces “city selection” to describe how filmmakers’ sample, weight, and arrange urban elements through seven layers: spatial and temporal sampling, semantic choice, kinetic orchestration, photometric and chromatic design, sound, and editing. City recognition is defined as the moment when these organized selections align with viewers’ prior mindscapes, generating a sense of urban identity that depends less on cartographic fidelity than on rhythmic, textural, and narrative plausibility. Methodologically, the article combines theory-driven modeling with close scene analysis. A case study of Hong Kong in Wong Kar-wai’s Fallen Angels (1995) demonstrates how nocturnal lighting schemes, textures, recurrent spatial anchors, and a characteristic sonic rhythm render the city recognizable even in the absence of explicit landmarks or expository dialogue. The study proposes a portable analytic kit for decomposing cinematic cities into manipulable modules and tracing how films both reflect and reshape public understandings of urban space. It concludes by arguing that city recognition can serve as an interpretive key for analyzing narrative space, while also warning against the stabilization of clichéd urban imaginaries.
Cinematic City; City Mindscape; City Selection; City Recognition; Hong Kong; Urban Space on Screen.
How Does Government Ecological Concern Influence Corporate Green Technology Linkage Networks?
This study employs text analysis to construct a dataset reflecting the ecological concerns of local governments. Using A-share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2007 to 2022 as the sample, it examines the relationship between government ecological concerns and corporate green technology association networks through social network analysis (SNA). Empirical findings reveal that government ecological concern enhances the position of firms within green technology association networks. Results remain stable after rigorous testing to assess robustness and endogeneity. Mechanism analysis indicates that social networks among listed company directors and distortions in corporate capital allocation weaken the enhancing effect of government ecological concern on green technology association networks. Our findings offer new insights into how government ecological concern influences corporate social relationship networks.
Government Environmental Attention; Green IT; Government Annual Reports; Environmental Pollution.
Research on the Mechanism for Enhancing the Value of Regional Public Brands of Agricultural Products under the Background of "Digital Intelligence Empowerment"
Against the backdrop of the in-depth advancement of rural revitalization, "brand-driven agriculture," and the Digital China strategy, regional public brands of agricultural products have become an important tool for driving agricultural efficiency, increasing farmers' income, and upgrading rural industries. However, overall, most regional public brands still have significant shortcomings in brand awareness, consumer trust, pricing power, and multi-channel communication efficiency. The mechanism between the level of digital application and brand value enhancement also needs to be systematically analyzed. This paper, based on an analysis of the value composition of regional public brands of agricultural products, constructs an analytical framework from the dimensions of brand awareness, brand trust, brand loyalty, and brand premium. It focuses on exploring the empowerment paths of digital technologies such as big data, blockchain traceability, short videos and live-streaming e-commerce, and social media operations . Combining typical regional public brand practices, it analyzes the specific models and practical effects of digital empowerment, and then summarizes the brand value enhancement mechanism and proposes targeted strategic suggestions. Research indicates that digital technologies , by enhancing brand information reach and recognition, improving quality and safety visibility and trustworthiness, and strengthening interactive experiences and user engagement, can help create a virtuous cycle of "brand image-consumer recognition-market premium." The combination of government-led public brand digital platforms and professional market-based operations is currently a relatively effective model for digital empowerment . However, brand value enhancement remains constrained by factors such as weak grassroots digital infrastructure, inadequate collaborative mechanisms, and a shortage of professional talent. Based on this, this paper offers corresponding insights from the perspectives of local governments and brand operators, emphasizing the need to improve the supply of public digital platforms and systems, and optimize digital operational capabilities and content supply systems to better unleash the comprehensive value of regional public brands for agricultural products in the process of digital villages and rural revitalization.
Regional Public Brand for Agricultural Products; Digital Empowerment; Brand Value; Digital Village; Rural Revitalization.
Research on the Impact of Industrial Park Policies on Urban Carbon Emissions and Regional Spillover Effects based on the "Dual Carbon" Goal Taking the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration as an Example
This study takes the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration as a sample to evaluate the direct and spatial spillover effects of low-carbon industrial park pilot policies on urban carbon emissions. Theoretical analysis shows that policies suppress local carbon emissions through pathways such as technological progress, green investment, and industrial agglomeration; At the spatial level, there are spatial spillover characteristics that can be driven by technology diffusion to reduce emissions in the surrounding areas. The effectiveness of policies varies among cities and is influenced by administrative levels and resource endowments. This study provides policy optimization basis for regional collaborative governance under the "dual carbon" goal.
Low Carbon Industrial Park; Carbon Emissions; Spatial Spillover Effect; Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration.